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Environmental Problems: Altitude Illness––Outline

1. Growth and maturation

  • Role of androgens/estrogens

2. Physiologic differences by gender

  • Body composition
  • Leg length
  • Shoulders, pelvis, Q angle
  • Heart and lung capacity
  • O2 transport: VO2, hemoglobin

3. Physical performance

  • Speed/strength/endurance

4. Effects of exercise on female estrous cycle

  • Menarche
  • Amenorrhea/oligomenorrhea
  • Pregnancy outcome
  • Effect of menses on athletic performance

5. Orthopedic problems common in female athletes

  • Osteoporosis
    • Clinical problem
    • Physiology of calcium regulation
    • Effect of estrogen
    • Loss of bone mineral content
    • Stress fractures
  • Dietary calcium recommendations

6. Eating disorders

  • Anorexia and bulimia
    • Definitions
    • Health consequences
    • Athletes at risk

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